Eating Disorders Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dietary issues - Research Paper Example Dietary issue may influence both male and female (NIMH, 2011). The exploration, consequently, is about the components affecting the dietary issues in the two people in the general public. Kinds of Disorders Eating issue are normal and treatable sicknesses. They generally go connected at the hip with substance misuse, despondency, or scatters of nervousness. In the event that these side effects of the dietary problems are not appropriately rewarded, they can represent a danger to life and, along these lines, individuals with dietary issues need to look for clinical consideration or they are probably going to kick the bucket sooner than others of a similar age. There are various sorts such scatters: bulimia nervosa, pigging out confusion, and anorexia nervosa. At the point when individuals have anorexia nervosa, they think they are overweight when in truth they are obviously underweight. Weight control and eating food will consistently be a fixation. Individuals with anorexia are const antly observed gauging themselves much of the time, estimating food cautiously, and eating incredibly little parts of food. Individuals with this ailment consistently take part in over the top working out, initiating heaving, and abuses of diuretics or bowel purges. Individuals with anorexia nervosa are described by extraordinary slimness, exceptional dread of weight increase, twisted self-perception, low confidence, sporadic monthly cycles (or absence of them) in little youngsters, and eating as indicated by a very limited eating routine. Anorexic people recuperate when rewarded appropriately. In any case, there are some who will consistently have backslides and some who have an interminable disease, so their wellbeing break down additional time (NIMH, 2011). Bulimia nervosa is another case of dietary issue. An evil individual consistently eats huge amounts of food and can't control these scenes. The disease is regularly joined by such practices as self-instigated retching, indulgi ng, an unnecessary utilization of intestinal medicines, fasting, extraordinary activities, or a blend of these practices. Bulimic people are generally solid and have ordinary weight, yet they frantically need to get thinner and are very miserable about their body size and shape. They generally play out these practices covertly, on the grounds that they are despicable acts joined by sentiments of sicken. The voraciously consuming food has the accompanying attributes: sore throat that is aroused, salivary organs that are swollen in the jaw region and neck, touchy teeth that are rotting because of presentation to stomach corrosive, gastrointestinal issues, serious lack of hydration because of cleansing liquids, and electrolyte irregularity that may prompt a cardiovascular failure. The voraciously consuming food consistently happens from a few times each day to quite often (NIMH, 2011). The last case of a dietary issue is the gorging issue. An evil individual can't control their dietary patterns. An individual with the voraciously consuming food issue is regularly overweight or fat. Such an individual is at a higher danger of creating cardiovascular issues and hypertension issues. This may result to a coronary episode. These individuals consistently feel blame, disgrace, and worry about their propensities, which brings about more voraciously consuming food (NIMH, 2011). Reasons for Eating Disorders Eating issue are named as ailments, since they decimate forms in an individual and show trademark indications. Dietary issues are an aftereffect of a mix of mental, hereditary, and sociological elements. With respect to hereditary elements, numerous specialists accept that, for an individual to

Contract and Procurement Management for Mitigation- myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theContract and Procurement Management for Mitigation. Answer: The nonappearance of a compelling agreement the executives structure has been seen during the task. The agreement the executives system which implies the execution and observing of agreement so as to amplify the monetary profit from the venture just as expanding the operational presentation during the undertaking were absent during the running of task (Kerzner, 2017). Effect: The nonappearance of the viable structure of agreement the executives expanded the free thinker purchasing and gracefully hazard. Simultaneously, it diminished the spend influence. Spend perceivability was indistinct on account of absence of compelling agreement the board system. Alleviation: The issues can be moderated by executing an appropriate system of agreement the executives which will expand the operational exhibition. Conceivable learning: A successful agreement the board system is in this manner a basic piece of agreement and obtainment the board. The deferral in fruition of the venture was seen as one of the key issue. Contrasted with the arranged calendar of finishing the venture which prompted the excusal Judith Carr, who was the Project chief of RAH and Deputy Simon Morony supplanted his position (Harri McCaffer, 2013). Effect: The impacts of the undertaking delay were exceptionally huge. Because of the deferral of the venture, cost of the task was overruned. Simultaneously additional time was expended superfluously. Besides, a few questions have been accounted for. Moderation: The venture deferral could have been maintained a strategic distance from by a powerful vital arrangement, broad utilization of innovation and suitable cost estimation principally. Conceivable learning: so as to moderate the issues that cause the postponement of undertaking, the significant causes behind the defer should be contemplated. Change administration affected the task the board. As the administration structure changed totally, the general administration rebuilt once more, which made troubles in the task. Anyway the changed administration guaranteed nature of the expectations (Kerzner, 2017). Effect: one of the significant effects of the difference in the administration was it guaranteed nature of the expectations during the venture. Simultaneously, it additionally had negative effect on the agreement and acquirement the executives as it made challenges adapt to the changed administration. Relief: the negative impact of the administration change could have been moderated by making the individuals from the executives mindful of the progressions before changing the administration structure. Conceivable learning: so as to keep away from the negative effects of the administration change, the individuals from the administration ought to know about the new structure of the administration, before it changes. References Harris, F., McCaffer, R. (2013).Modern development the board. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017).Project administration: a frameworks way to deal with arranging, booking, and controlling. John Wiley Sons.

How to Write a Comparison and Contrast Essay Sample

How to Write a Comparison and Contrast Essay SampleCollege students who plan to take the AP Exam will be able to utilize an essay sample when they compare and contrast essay samples to better understand AP essays. College students have to be able to plan their essays, and use different techniques to complete each essay. They have to learn how to compare and contrast essays and write concisely for these tests.Compare and contrast essay samples come in many forms, but they can all be effective when used correctly. Some examples of the different types of essay samples that are available include the 'argumentative' type that explain an idea in detail, and the 'report' type that talking about an actual case. Students can choose from either of these styles to best suit their needs.Students who plan to apply for graduate school or a PhD program in the future will also need to do a careful comparison and contrast of these essays. This will help them to distinguish between the more profession al AP style and what they consider to be easier writing for a student in a formal student life. Students should compare and contrast between the essay sample of an argumentative essay, which details a specific argument in a logical manner, and a report essay, which use a personal story to discuss an actual situation.A fact-finding mission could be an interesting kind of essay that you would need to compare and contrast. In this kind of essay, the students have to talk about what they know and what they can't see. Students will need to point out something that doesn't make sense, and will need to show why they feel as they do. Most of the time, the writers will need to cite their sources so that they can add extra evidence for their opinion.These examples should show how to compare and contrast essay samples, as well as how to plan a thesis statement. The students will need to discuss in some depth why they believe the thesis is true, and why it has to be written in this particular w ay. Students should also be sure to read their essay carefully and proofread it before submitting it for a final exam.For students who are planning to take the AP Exams, they need to follow the guidelines for the samples provided for compare and contrast essay samples. They should be able to plan an argumentative and report style essay according to what is needed for their exam. They should also be able to use an argumentative essay sample as a case study for their report writing test.Students should be able to write essays that meet the standards set for the AP Exams. When they plan to take a comparative essay, they will have to make sure that they compare and contrast the four possible approaches. If they follow this outline, they will be able to write a good comparison and contrast essay.For high school students, they will have to compare and contrast essay samples that will be more difficult for them to write, but they should be able to write an essay about any subject that the AP Exams may call for. If they plan to take a comparative essay, they will have to decide whether they want to use an argumentative essay or a report one.

Role of Finance Companies - 6177 Words

Role of Finance Companies Traditional role of Finance Companies The finance companies are much smaller in scale compared with commercial banks, and they are also saddled with more restrictions which will be discussed later in the report. Traditionally, they relied on their personalized and flexible services to attract clients. This is because there are always consumers who are rejected by the commercial banks because adding these consumers to their portfolios would be uneconomical for these commercial banks as their economies of scale cannot offset the transactional costs these clients would bring because of the small margins these smaller consumers bring. These mainly include people or companies who do not have the capital to meet the†¦show more content†¦Looking at the breakdown of loans and advances of Finance Companies, we can see a large part is driven by the building and construction sector in Singapore, which was booming last yea. The building sector was driven by the construction of the 2 integrated resorts and a booming property market last year. A key driver of the industry, construction growth, which represents a large portion of finance companies’ interest income, grew at a rate of 20.3% in 2007, compared to 3.6% in 2006. The bull run in the property market, as mentioned, has also contributed to the sector’s good performance. Property agents have described in particular, the HDB resale market as the kingpin of the real estate sector. Projected unit sales are estimated to be at 30,000 by industry players. Average prices rose 17% for 2007. This, coinciding with a new government initiative to encourage singles to live with their parents by providing a grant of up to $9000, has led to a boom for the property market domestically in recent times. The government’s policy to target an eventually population size of 6million citizens would lead to an increased demand for housing as more and more immigrants look to plant their roots here. Thus, we can expect housing loans to continue to be a strong driver of performance for finance companies into the foreseeable future. Increase in SME initiatives The government’s initiative to increase SME competitiveness and promote entrepreneurship has alsoShow MoreRelatedDefining Financial Terms and Role in Finance Essay1197 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: DEFINING FINANCIAL TERMS AND ROLE IN FINANCE Defining Financial Terms and Role in Finance University of Phoenix FIN 370/ Finance for Business November 10, 2010 Defining Financial Terms and Role in Finance The following paragraphs contain financial terms and their role in finance. 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Many think of this film onlyRead MoreFinancing And The Development And Implementation Of Strategies1190 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Development and Implementation of Strategies SUMMARY The role of finance within the strategic planning process has become more relevant than ever. With the introduction of the balanced scorecard the financial performance of a firm has been emphasized has a key indicator of success and links strategic goals to performance and provide timely, useful information in order to facilitate strategic decisions. The article, The Role of Finance in the Strategic-Planning and Decision-Making Process, by PedroRead MoreP1 Unit 2 Business Studies1652 Words   |  7 PagesI will draw up a number of key documents required for the recruitment of a Finance Manager position in order to establish the correct documentation required in the recruitment process, which will then be adopted for all employment opportunities in Elite Management. 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Essay Pugs Pug the Pug - 2294 Words

THE PUG The pug is a toy dog with a wrinkly, short-muzzled face, and curled tail. The breed has a fine, glossy coat that comes in a variety of colors, and a compact square body with well-developed muscle. They have been described as multum in parvo (much in little), referring to the pugs personality and small size. Known in ancient China as lo-sze, they may have been responsible for the English Bulldog, the modern Pekingese and King Charles spaniel. They have Chinese origins, but were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands and the House of Stuart of England, Ireland and Scotland. They can suffer from a variety of health issues, including overheating, obesity, pharyngeal reflex and two fatal†¦show more content†¦A pug travelled with William III and Mary II when they left the Netherlands to ascend to the throne of England in 1688. During this period the pug may have been bred with the old type King Charles Spaniel, but in any event the modern English Toy/King Charles Spaniel emerged with pug characteristics. The breed eventually became popular in other European countries. Pugs were painted by Goya in Spain, and in Italy they were dressed in matching jackets and pantaloons while riding up front with the coachman on a private carriage. They were used by the military to track animals and people, and were also employed as guard dogs. 18th and 19th centuries The popularity of the pug continued to spread in France during the eighteenth century. Before her marriage to Napoleon Bonaparte, Josà ©phine had her pug, Fortune, carry concealed messages to her family while she was confined at Les Carmes prison. The pet was the only recipient of visiting rights.The pug was also well known in Italy. In 1789, a Mrs. Piozzi wrote in her journal, The little pug dog or Dutch mastiff has quitted London for Padua, I perceive. Every carriage I meet here has a pug in it. The English painter William Hogarth owned a series of pugs, to which he was devoted. In 1745 he painted his self-portrait together with that o f his pug, Trump, now in the Tate Gallery, London. In nineteenth century England, the breedShow MoreRelatedPugs6576 Words   |  27 PagesI. Introduction There is no other breed like the Pug. Not only does he look distinctive, but he has a character like no other. His furrowed brow may make him appear perpetually worried, but beneath the wrinkles lies a happy-go-lucky dog with a clown-like personality. Ask Pug owners to describe their dogs, and the same words crop up time and again: ‘loving’, ‘intelligent’, ‘alert’, and ‘inquisitive. However, one word appears more than any other – ‘fun’! 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One cool thing you can do with Sass is you can assign something to a variable, such as a color in the below example, and then pass that color to multiple places within your style sheet. (Source: sassmeister.com) What about Pug? What can it do? The example below demonstrates howRead MorePreprocessing Language782 Words   |  4 Pagesand Pug (formerly Jade). Sass is a preprocessing language that outputs CSS and Pug is a preprocessing language that outputs HTML. One cool thing you can do with Sass is you can assign something to a variable, such as a color in the below example, and then pass that color to multiple places within your style sheet. A code example of Sass What about Pug? What can it do? The below example demonstrates how you can write a while loop to generate an unordered list in HTML. A code example of Pug ForRead MoreEssay on Choosing the Best Dog Breed for Your Family1402 Words   |  6 Pagesdeadly. Having a pet dog is something most families do for love, companionship, and to teach responsibility to their children, and according to thebostonchannel.com the top five best-suited dogs for families with children are the Newfoundland, the Pug, the Keeshond, the Golden Retriever, and the Labrador Retriever (Sarah McCurdy). Fifth on the list for top family dog is the Newfoundland. According to Sarah McCurdy, the Newfoundland is what is known as â€Å"The Gentle Giant† and is sometimes called â€Å"Newfs†Read MoreThe Unlikely Hero1773 Words   |  8 Pageson what to do. He just knows that something has to be done. The odds are usually greatly in favor of the villains and there is much to overcome, both mentally and psychically. My unlikely heroes are Frodo from the Lord of the Rings (Tolkien) and Pug from the Riftwar Saga. (Fiest) Both of these unlikely heroes must overcome great odds to complete quests that are thrust upon them. One, a small hobbit with little knowledge of the world outside of his home in the Shire, the other, a small orphan boyRead More12 O Clock Boys861 Words   |  4 PagesBaltimore by the same name. The film explores the relationship between the group and the police, who regularly try to stop them from going on their illegal and dangerous rides. Simultaneously, it follows Pug, a 13-year old boy who has a keen interest in becoming part of the 12 O’Clock Boys. Pug is multifaceted; on the one hand, he is shown cursing at authority figures and getting into trouble both in and out of school. On the other hand, he has a keen interest in animals and in becoming a veterinarianRead MoreVodafone Case Study3346 Words   |  14 Pagesthe same popular pug that has become a brand ambassad or for Hutch. ‘Where ever you go, our network follows,’ was the previous slogan with the pug following the child wherever he goes. Now, with Hutchison Essar becoming part of the Vodafone Group, the new campaign had started with Vodafone Essar earmarking Rs. 2.5 billion on the transition from Hutch to Vodafone. The main message of the brand transition exercise: The new Vodafone is the same old Hutch. In the advertisement, the pug sees a new homeRead MoreA Research On Selective Breeding Essay2193 Words   |  9 Pagesexpressed in the offspring and also reduces the genetic variation within a population. An example of this is the pure bred pugs, a very popular toy breed due to its unique cuteness. Humans have selectively bred pugs with a flat face and a double curl tail as this is these are the traits considered to be desirable for breeders and popular to buyers. However selective breeding in the pug species often involves inbreeding between closely related individuals influencing the genetic biodiversity of the populationRead MoreGenetic Manipulation And Its Effects On Humans1681 Words   |  7 Pagesclosely monitored in order to detect specific genes that they want to portray. The genes that may be desired for breeds, e.g in pugs that would be the double curl tail. These profiles are generated using small plastic chips, these can be diagnostic for up to 50,000 SNPs spaced throughout various genomes. Phenotypes that could possibly be averaged over the offspring of pugs are matched with specific SNP profiles of other animals so that they can mathematically breed the offspring in ord er for the desirable

The Economic And Political Problems Of The 60s And 70

The economic and political problems of the 60’s and 70’s have left a huge influence on the ideas and actions of politicians today. From stagflation to the Vietnam War many politicians use these past issues to justify their policies of today. One of the most influential economists who emerged in the sixties was Milton Friedman, who fought against the establishment’s Keynesian view and many of the policies of FDR. He won a Nobel Prize in 1976 for his work in monetary policy with specific beliefs in controlling the federal debt, keeping inflation low, and ideals of a lassiez-faire market. His ideals influenced some of Regan’s policies of deregulation and tax cuts and drives most of the economic policies of the modern Republican Party. One of†¦show more content†¦Rather he said people based their expenditures on their expected income in the next years or where they expect to be. This was a huge theory that challenged much of the academic establishment at the time and began to give a light to many conservatives who felt like the policies of FDR’s new deal was strangling. In 1962 Friedman wrote arguably his most notable book â€Å"Capitlism and Freedom† which he argued for many things including freely floating exchange rates, the abolition of licensing doctors, and negative tax rates instead of welfare programs. Friedman argued for a lower tax rates and a flat tax past a certain income level to keep American efficiency at up but, unlike a most conservatives, also argued for giving money back to people below a certain income level. He felt like this was a much simpler approach to the problem and felt like welfare programs were all too complex and inefficient. His book famously also argued that inflation rate being higher would also lead to higher unemployment rate and that national debt was tied to the inflation rate. In 1970’s in a giant rise in stagflation due to a poor economy and opec raising its prices, Fr iedman looked like a genius and landed himself a spot on the Nixon advisory team. Although there were still economists who doubted Friedman’s theories as in Canada their national debt

ManagementOperations and Information System of Zara Free Solution

Question: Describe about the Good Management of Operations and Information System of Zara? Answer: Introduction Operation management is an area that develops with various designs and controls the production to a good territory of holding business operations. It involves responsibility of the organization to ensure better needs in efficiency of business process (Antai, 2011). The factor can be cumulative on business sectors, but it holds a primary response to make the research evident on Zara. In understanding the management techniques of operational management, business programs have launched to implement a successful strategy on Zara by the researcher. Moreover, the researcher has also varied a good impact on Zaras background where various trends of clothing produce a diverse economy on the market. To relate the contemporary research further, various ideas acknowledge the research process in developing Zara to a greater complexion. In order with new infrastructures and IT resources, Zara has made a good impact on supply chain management on various culture and ethics (Beckett and Jones, 2012). Background of Zara Zara is one of the major clothing industries around the world. It has a Spanish origin, where most of the retailers make a flagship about the products that are launched in the market to be specific (Bisen and Srivastava, 2009). Amancio Ortega in Spain opened the first store of Zara. Coming with a new image in Clothing industry, Zara made a greater impact on the US market and French market. Since, Zara is an integrated retailer, its major distribution in controlled by supply chain management and IT development. The major products converges a vertical change on manufacturing and distribution in the marketing arena. Zara has currently around 1,751 stores around the world and the annual revenue is estimated over 9 billion dollars. Zaras mission was to contribute a greater sustainability on the development that would lead to societys good sake. This would however lead to change in environment how others interact in development process. The sources of Zara on sustainability management and IT resources will help to develop an eco-friendly environment (Narasimhan and Narayanan, 2013). Hence, this would make a contrasting change in developing Zaras resources to a greater level in expanding market territories on innovation and designs. Operation management of Zara: Since, Zara is one of the most popular clothing industries around the world. It has wide areas that make the territory distributed around competitive sectors in this global world. Information system has evidenced a greater complexion on major operations of Zara to facilitate development on higher level (Maniar, 2013). Zara has applied continuous development in improving the major change in operation management. It has also focused a greater contrast on motivation of employees on change management and rose in competitive prices. A research is required to conduct a strategy where competition on prices will increase production costs of Zara. Operation management on Zara has a definite link in distribution shares of product, services, and prices (Pollalis, 2012). However, it has a development in utilizing the resources to deliver goods and services what clients actually want from the company. The survey in this research views the main aspects of Zara to determine the positions of major networks, communication and technology. Moreover, the planning procedure views the resources that would be ideal to ensure major reforms of management (Sadre, 2012). This regards that under operational management of Zara, there are two key indicators evaluated in this chapter. These are Supply chain management and Logistics. Supply chain management Supply chain management is the management made on the interconnection of the organizations that makes the process streamline. It also links with the values of customers in terms of products and services (Shimomura and Kimita, 2013). It is seen that at Zara, speed and response makes an even strategy than the costs incurred by the company in terms of revenue. When Zara was originated in Spain, it has its most stores in 86 countries including Europe, America, Asia and Middle East. The brand also has renowned its ability to deliver new clothes on small territories in making the production rise variably (Zatzman, 2012). However, the contrasting segment has a greater identity on supply chain management to make a competitive advantage on business development. Zaras growth has an effective strategy, which makes the market deliberate to speed up the pace. The fashion edge of Zara made a global territory in making the business achievable to expand the market on higher scales. Nevertheless, a factor that made the distinction of Zara possessive was company aroused its major providers to sustain good decision on supply chains. A frequent change was under the treaty, which accounted most of its planning resources to a get quick access of major garments and clothes from the retailers (Sodhi and Tang, 2012). The indicator of supply chain management makes a development on the common lines of Zara that are: Management of upstream and downstream values flows on the materials, goods, information among the major suppliers, consumers and the companies. The systematic trance has a coordination that makes the traditional business an eventful area in improving long-term performance in supply chain. The integration of business holds a key idea on the major change of creating values among the customer and stakeholders (Beckett and Jones, 2012). Supply chain strategy would link a strategy in making the chain process efficient to create demand among the consumers ideal. Culture and strategy As Zara is one of the widest chain marketers of garments in Spain, it also has some culture associated to it. To make this strategy a possible area through learning outcomes, Zara has subordinated in making a major changes in this modern industry. Through a good strategic resource, the organization may have an impactful program associated on cultural influences and analysis of any major event (Butts and Shenoi, 2012). The idea figures out that if innovation in todays world brings changes, then what will be the growing impact of new industries to trade and outsource its resources to major countries. Thus, a path dependency would make an early statement to build a career on the major decisions taken towards technology and innovations. The impact of path dependency would bring core capabilities that have successful implementation on the past. In order, there are also path selection criteria that are relevant to build strategies on an even foundation (Calinescu and Garlan, 2012). The out look from far is seen to be clear but the assumptions held on the major decisions would remain unresponsive. To overcome this, a cultural influence on strategic procedure would be held in managing cultures through major reforms and policies. The corporate culture has an incredible change in making the company for long-term success. This will make clear evidence on the major differences on culture and ideas of Zara. However, the relationship made between culture and strategy will link to major development process. Strategy is just the headline of the company whereas culture has a common language in making certain missions, values and expectations (Chadwick, 2012). The relation made on Zara sends a clear message where strategy is about the intent and creativity but culture determines desire on executing a major change. Hence, to send clear information on operations and management in Zara, culture embraces strategy to sustainable management (Kruger, 2013). Ethics Zara has an ethical concept linked on the primary resource learned on political and social systems. This will link on the concepts that are conducted on the contemporary base of the major information systems. The ethical issue that Zara is facing is use of technologies for major communities to strive one-step forward (Ivert, 2012). There might be a change strategy on problems that are specific in making prominent behaviors and ensuring technology to greater levels. However, the ethics are simple, but unconventionally it does not act in making change on ethical judgment in most business decisions (Jaegler and Burlat, 2012). The idea related with IT would raise change issues on the major factors that are social changes, distribution on power, rights and obligations. The key frames where technology has made a greater impact through the ethical barriers are: Organizations depend on the operations of computer systems. Organization maintain a database on the change environment of Zara Networking that has advanced the future generations of operation to a greater territory. This has made access of personal data to remote locators at an easier pace (Kruger, 2013). The basic concepts of ethics in operational management are responsibility, accountability, and liability. This has a definite prospect in identifying positions that involves major conflicts and dilemmas of the stakeholders. Planning and control The idea on planning and control has a great impact on Zara to meet major positions on IT resources and development on infrastructures. Planning formalizes a great impact on a definite position of IT developments that correlate the research further. However, a treaty would change the complexion of research in making various implementations of market research in the contemporary world. This would change expectations of individuals to a greater territory on operational environment in Zara (Kudla and Stlzle, 2011). However, the forecast on this principle will avail sustainability management in attracting the plan on higher scales. The researcher would raise a question in planning idea that how activities on resource correlate new conceptions that would bring new change in Zara. To figure out this strategy on a good note, Zaras achieve its wide business in distributing its resources worldwide. It also plays a significant position on customer satisfaction and values in clothing industry ( Lysons and Farrington, 2012). The major objective in planning is to see how marketing needs increases population to greater territories. It also sends a message that Zara takes most of the market share on growth and development to become an integrated retailer. Quality management The researcher has utilized various aspects in this research to make the management system a good area under operational system (Maguire, 2012). The idea evolved in this research makes an evident contribution on customer expectations and perceptions in terms of product and service. Zara has defined its most resources to ensure the product and service that could be consistent in quality control, assurance and improvement on major sectors. The idea will focus not only on product or on service but also it achieves the means of product quality. Therefore, the particular concept makes a treaty in making an assurance or control that could be consistent in delivering the service prominently. The research shows ideal phenomena that supports most of the clients of Zara on quality standards that if a customer purchases a product from a retail store, that product must be of good quality and brand (Maniar, 2013). It also must satisfy customer needs that they can enjoy buying hereafter. The inter pretation of learning outcomes makes an ideal strategy on Zara that has improved quality on products to make the system relevant. It also breaks the uneven barrier that supervises major services to enhance the distribution system in recognizing products. Moreover, it comes with a significant change that includes quality culture, role of leadership, importance in management responsibilities and others (Nelson, 2011). The influence of Zara on customers role has a great impact that makes an application base on major areas, which includes sales service, marketing and customer service. The orientation of Zara on major principles would adapt a change environment that organization puts an impact on improved performance, this would however focus on customers, leadership, continual improvement, new approach to a better system correspondingly. It has been seen always that with good use of IT resources and infrastructure, Zara has become a good flagship chain on the Spanish market. Zara developed its prime resources on competitive advantages of the market to expand its territories (Jaegler and Burlat, 2012). This has a made a greater stability in fast production and maximizing the profit to higher levels. Inventory management The influence of customers on operation management has a compelling nature that subordinates Zara to deliver most of its products and services through inventory management system. This should replenish a better area in making deliberate connections on a business organization (Sadre, 2012). The key aspects of supply chain management would link a deliberate idea on inventory and logistics. Thus, it becomes a major backbone on business functions. Inventory management determines a major impact on supply chain that has a financial lead with Zara to review planning and control in development process. It also monitors an economic value that organization transforms values to be ethical (Shimomura and Kimita, 2013). Hence, to make the area resourceful under development process, Zara initiates most of its functional change that comes with major changes that are as follows: Inventory resources have good economic value that can be consideration for organizational control and behavior. Inventory can also be a complete or an incomplete state Organization engages value added creation that holds inventory on good production scales (Beckett and Jones, 2012). Lean Synchronization Resources are one of the most important assets in the organization. On the other hand, resources of the organization are limited. The job of an effective leader and effective manager is to ensure in the achievement of the common managerial goals and objectives of the organization with the help of the limited resources. The present company in the study is Zara. Zara is one of the most popular and common brand in Spain. This particular company operates its business across the top cities of the world. The objective of the study is to focus on different kinds of operational management of the selected company. This part of the study will reflect the concept of the lean Synchronization in the operational management of the selected organization. . Zara adopts the concept of the lean production system in order to make sure in the smooth flow of production by ensuring the concept of the optimum utilization of resources. Capacity Management of Zara In modern generation, the concept of internet and application of Emails has provided one of the major breakthroughs. The concept of information technology in the applications of marketing has changed the entire concept and trend of marketing. Zara maintains a proper capacity management by ensuring some of the most vital factors in the operations of the business. Monitoring the regular performance, performance analysis of measurement data, performance analysis of data measurement, which includes huge impact existing infrastructure and capacity planning of storage, are the key factors in the entire capacity management of the Zara. The concept of capacity management interacts with the discipline of the Performance Engineering of the company. IT infrastructure and technologies In this area, the researcher has taken ideas that evolve IT and infrastructure to good priorities on Zara. Zara has evolved a great change since technology and good infrastructure came to effect on major stores. This has changed the reflection of this clothing industry. With technology, Zara has come with newer dimensions that have made company to greater instincts (Homann, Koslowski and Lutge, 2011). To get a clear idea in this research, IT infrastructure makes use of tangible resources like software, networks, hardware and data centre facilities. These resources makes the basic functioning requirements that are budgeting, organization control, network planning, technical support, etc. A contrasting segment depicted in operation behavior would lead to change management in Zara. This would reflect to the general behavior on major business strategies to raise awareness among people (Ivert, 2012). It also aligns a perspective that enhances business on major management systems. The idea reflected on technology and infrastructure would support major decision-making process. Since, IT management refers to the activities related on originations behavior. This has a prominent factor that adds a value on the major business aspects. The major creation would hence primarily focus on IT management linked with technology and innovation that would add a great value on Zara to increase customer value. However, increase in business requirements would make a change territory in maintaining network relationships between internal and external environments (Jaegler and Burlat, 2012). Hence, this would increase business requirements to make a change perspective on mechanism and control . IT infrastructure on Zara has a collaborate change that begins with newer technologies and developments. This has made a greater prospect that combines on technology infrastructure library through hardware, networks, software, etc. This library has defined most practices that are accepted in private and public sectors (Kruger, 2013). Hence, it ensures accuracy on the technological advancement to provide benefits on operation and service provision that are: Improved customer satisfaction through a professional approach Reduced IT costs Improved delivery on the major third party services Improved IT services that prove best effects on knowledge and skills IT has a great impact on fashion industry that most of its abundant resources form an integral value. Zaras variety is linked with new trends and sources that make the organization develop with new strategies. The prime aspect in this module helps to expand business on communication and network topology (Kudla and Stlzle, 2011). The IT infrastructure has sensed that Zaras business enables garments that are shipped on major distribution outlets. This is hence transferred to major stores and centers. The strategy makes a balanced position by collecting vital information that would assess how Zara would make appropriate use of these designs to make newer change and producing other designs. This will increase the market growth relatively that will add customer value to a great scale (Maguire, 2012). The IT advantage has shortened time interval on major design concepts that would make an arrival of major decisions to put stocks on relative stores of Zara. Hence, this has made to think tha t thousand of fabrics, design specifications and inventory outputs would make production quickly and raise awareness among people (Maniar, 2013). However, technology has particularly made an eventful factor in expanding major stores that transform production level to greater extent. Product service design Planning to produce a new product means a key factor involved on product and service design. This has specifically made to design products and services of Zara in increasing awareness among people (Nelson, 2011). There are various designs implemented on successful strategy that are: Refining existing products and services Formulating quality goals Development of new products and services Formulating cost targets The design procedure has included motivation, organization capabilities, forecasting change, research development and innovations, which will play a significant role in Zara. The influence of key aspects on product and design will make the organizations procedure develop through major considerations. These are technological change, competitive market, demographic change, and the major marketing opportunities (Shimomura and Kimita, 2013). To make an effective plan on service designs, Zara has made an inventory output on the tangible product accessories. This would vary on the service quality maintained on growth and development for the company. However, this would make the process adjacent on sustainability and development process of Zara (Zatzman, 2012). Conclusion In this research, the researcher has made through various aspects that make the ideas clear on operation management of Zara. Zara has a wide link in outsourcing its resources to major countries to access good response from this field. The primary response of this clothing industry has correlated a good response on supply chain management. This has also contributed sustainability resources to make greater impact on infrastructure and IT resources. Moreover, the change has seen a good sequence in holding culture and strategy to make innovation to a new level in foundation of Zara. However, ethics and planning has also led to a great impact in making new change on IT and infrastructure of Zara towards operational behavior in management system. Reference List: Antai, I. (2011). Supply chain vs supply chain competition: a niche based approach. Management Research Review, 34(10), pp.1107-1124. Beckett, R. and Jones, M. (2012). Collaborative network success and the variable nature of trust. Production Planning Control, 23(4), pp.240-251. Bisen, V. and Srivastava, S. (2011). Production operation management. Lucknow, India: Word-Press. Butts, J. and Shenoi, S. (2012). Critical infrastructure protection VI. Berlin: Springer. Calinescu, R. and Garlan, D. (2012). Large-scale complex IT systems. Heidelberg: Springer. Chadwick, R. (2012). Encyclopedia of applied ethics. London: Academic. Cordon, C., Hald, K. and Seifert, R. (2012). Strategic supply chain management. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Drake, M. (2012). Global supply chain management. [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017): Business Expert Press. Homann, K., Koslowski, P. and Lutge, C. (2007). Globalisation and business ethics. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Ivert, L. (2012). Shop floor characteristics influencing the use of advanced planning and scheduling systems. Production Planning Control, 23(6), pp.452-467. Jaegler, A. and Burlat, P. (2012). Carbon friendly supply chains: a simulation study of different scenarios. Production Planning Control, 23(4), pp.269-278. Kruger, S. (2013). Scientific contributions in the field of Transport and Supply Chain Management. Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management, 7(1). Kudla, N. and Stalzle, W. (2011). Sustainability Supply Chain Management Research. Die Unternehmung, pp.263-301. Lysons, K. and Farrington, B. (2012). Purchasing and supply chain management. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Financial Times. Maguire, S. (2012). Special Issue Production Planning Control: Service Science. Production Planning Control, 23(7), pp.477-479. Maniar, H. (2013). Scenario of Viability Gap Funding (VGF) Concept in Indian Infrastructure Projects. Journal of Infrastructure Development, 5(1), pp.33-65. Narasimhan, R. and Narayanan, S. (2013). Perspectives on Supply Network-Enabled Innovations. J Supply Chain Manag, 49(4), pp.27-42. Nelson, P. (2011). Greenhouse operation and management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Pollalis, S. (2012). Infrastructure sustainability and design. New York, NY: Routledge. Sadre, R. (2012). Dependable networks and services. Heidelberg: Springer. Shimomura, Y. and Kimita, K. (2013). The philosopher's stone for sustainability. Berlin: Springer. Sodhi, M. and Tang, C. (2012). Managing supply chain risk. New York: Springer. Zatzman, G. (2012). Sustainable resource development. Salem, Mass.: Scrivener.

Political perspective on employees performance

The supervisor helps the department or team he or she is leading to clarify their goals and mission as well as approaches to achieving their aims. He or she helps to shape the common goals and approaches of the team. Thus, he or she builds confidence and commitment to the team and every individual in the team.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Political perspective on employees’ performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Supervisors empower members of their team with problem-solving, technical, teamwork, functional, interpersonal as well as decision-making skills. They have the power and the ability to manipulate forces within the team or department towards common direction or objective. The political perspective assumes that an organization is a political arena which comprises selfish goals, deception as well as in-fighting. Thus, they always manipulate, push as well as bargain to advance their own inter ests as well as the interests of their teams or departments (Katzenbach Smith, 2003). They can therefore easily convince others, especially their subordinates, to achieve the desired results. This may sometimes involve deception tactics or selfish acts even though the supervisor may do that for the benefit of the organization. He or she is the advocate of the organization and institutes actions plans and programs which are in line with the organization goals. Some tactics applied by the supervisors could include keeping the goals flexible as well as manipulating the channels of influence to achieve the desired result. They may also advance their agendas patiently to achieve the determined aims. It is the supervisor who is in direct contact with the workers and responsible for managing performance within the departments or organization. Therefore, he or she can always investigate the cause of performance problems that exist within the workplace, department or organization. They also give direct attention to the cause of the performance problem. Thereafter, the supervisors can develop action plans to overcome the problem and achieve the results. The action plan includes empowering workers to find a solution to the problem or devise an alternative to the problem. Supervisors provide direct communication to workers about the goals of every task which are always in line with those of the organization. Supervisors are responsible for setting goals for every task or for the particular department. This can be achieved effectively by incorporating the subordinates within the department in setting the goals of the task or the department.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After formulating the goals, the supervisor communicates the goals to the employees and puts in place strategies which ensure that the goals will be attained. He or she provides feedback to work ers on whether the goals are being achieved or not. The supervisor conducts performance appraisals regularly and assesses employee performance to enable him or her to communicate what the employee can do to improve his or her performance. Besides, supervisors are responsible for instilling strong organizational cultures in employees by communicating their goals and ideas about the work to employees. Strong cultures encourage commitment, flexibility as well as adaptability among the workers (De Silva, 2010). The role of supervisor as coach and resource coordination Supervisor as a coach provides training and promoting of the employees. He or she ensures that new members of staff in his or her department and the organization as a whole are oriented to the tasks assigned. Supervisors develop training plans with the staff to ensure that employees acquire the necessary expertise in performing their jobs. They work with the staff/subordinates to set suitable goals, time lines as well as a ction plans. They are also responsible for delegating duties and providing support and guidance to the employees on how to go about the job. Since supervisors are the ones responsible for overseeing as well as observing their units, they have the responsibility of ensuring that resources are available to employees. They have to negotiate and help to secure resources for their departments or teams in order to maintain workflow in the department. This enables supervisors to acquire and achieve cooperation from the team as well as individual within and outside the organization (Byham, Wellins Wilson, 1991). As decision makers within the department, supervisors allocate resources and determine how the limited resources are distributed within the tasks in the department to achieve maximum effectiveness within the team.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Political perspective on employees’ performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Supervisors also need to help their subordinates identify action plans which enable them to solve their performance problems. They are in charge of the production process and responsible for the products until they leave the production area to the market. This means that they have to offer additional training or help employees to devise action plans which improve their performance, and hence, quality of the product or service. They are to help employees who experience performance problems which need corrective actions and make them do what the employees aspire to achieve. The supervisor has to empower the employee to implement the action plan successfully. Helping employees identify and implement action plans motivates the staff eliminates the possibility of poor quality products and gives employees confidence in their jobs. They also develop trust and confidence in the supervisor. Dimensions of performance Performance dimensions are measures for evaluating em ployees. They are universally applied to employees within the organization. Thus, they are those characteristics or things that an employee has to demonstrate to be effective in the organization or workplace. He or she represents knowledge as well as skills which are necessary for the success of the organization. This includes critical aspects within an employee’s roles in the organization. They are normally organizationally focused and not job focused. Performance dimensions are usually included in each employee’s performance plan. According to Sanderson and Urwin (2002), performance dimensions are designed to examine competencies of individual employees. Some of the dimensions for measuring competencies of employees include determining the employee’s verbal/nonverbal communication abilities/skills, relationship skills, organizational skills, ethics and integrity, decision making and analytical skills, objectivity, leadership and initiative skills as well as fl exibility and adaptability.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They also include examining the employee’s application of the organization’s policies, standards as well as procedures. However, the dimensions may vary from organization to organization depending on the sector in which the organization operates in as well as its vision and goals. Absolute judgment scale Advantages of absolute judgment scale Absolute judgment scale can be utilized in evaluation of responses which do not have physical measurable items or characteristics. This makes it be an appropriate tool for conducting performance appraisal of employees’ performance dimensions which can not be quantified. According to Helson (1954), the method does not require direct comparison of variables and standards. Evaluation is done by performing a weighted geometric mean of the current and past behavior or characteristic. The judgments are therefore based on comparative rating scale such as low, medium and high. The absolute categories offer fair distribution of appra isal characteristics over a range of stimuli in use. In addition, absolute judgment scale can be used to conduct performance appraisals for groups or departments since it allows experts or a team of managers to discuss and come to a consensus. Disadvantages of the absolute judgment scale In some cases, the absolute judgment scale results in a skewed frequency-distribution curve where the predominance of judgments is placed at the upper end of the scale. It means that it is subject to relative judgment by the individual doing the appraisal/evaluation. Besides, the judgments are also relative to the standard of reference adopted by the organization. Judgments are sometimes influenced by the relative time-error in that the person or panel performing the evaluation may make their judgments based on the past characteristics or behavior of the employee. Judgments could also be affected by individual bias by the person conducting the evaluation. Thus, the confidence/accuracy level of absol ute judgment scale may be low in some cases, and in addition, the judgments can not be quantified. Reference List Byham, W., Wellins, R., Wilson, J. (1991). Empowered teams: Creating self-directed work groups that improve quality, productivity, and participation. New Jersey: Jossey-Bass. De Silva, S. R. (2010). Human resource management, industrial relations and achieving management objectives. Web. Helson, H. (1954). The use of comparative scales for the evaluation of psychological data. The American Journal of Psychology, 67(2), 321. Katzenbach, J. R., Smith, D. K. (2003). The wisdom of teams: Creating the high-performance organization. New York: Harper Business Essentials. Sanderson, M., Urwin, C. (2002). A performance dimension approach to competence. Web. This report on Political perspective on employees’ performance was written and submitted by user Paula E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cinema is an Adventure , but the difficulty is that it is an adventure that you have to strive continually to control The WritePass Journal

Cinema is an Adventure , but the difficulty is that it is an adventure that you have to strive continually to control Abstract Cinema is an Adventure , but the difficulty is that it is an adventure that you have to strive continually to control AbstractIntroductionJean Rouch as a Film maker and an Ethnographerâ€Å"Les Maitres Fous† (The Mad Masters)ConclusionBibliographyRelated Abstract The very perceptions and style of ethnographic cinema was changed with the intervention of late Jean Rouch’s films. He was considered as one of the founding fathers of Cinema Verite   or Real Cinema In France,   and Surrealism. Jacques Rivette (1968) considers Rouch as the force behind the entire French cinema made in past ten years. Rivette comments that the importance of Rouch is much more in the evolution of French Cinema than Godard with few people realizing it (Rivette,1968). According to Henley(2009) his sudden death in a road accident, in February 2004, made Visual Anthropology lose one of its precious gems. Rouch was a visionary and a true believer in the strength of lenses. In most of his interviews he talked about the power of camera and the responsibility attached to it. He believed that camera had the power to reveal the inner most beliefs and impressions of mankind (Henley,2009). My first encounter with Rouch’s films was in my Visual Anthropology classe s. At first I found it quite difficult to understand his films as most of them were in French. However Rouch’s different and controversial approach to ethnographic cinema with his very interesting personal touch in all his films molded me to watch his movies in spite of such difficulties. Henley comments that though Rouch made more than one hundreds of films but only handful films have been distributed far wide while majority of the films remain unknown and difficult to see specially for English speaking world (Henley,2009). The most interesting fact about Jean Rouch’s cinema, as Mick Eaton puts forward was that, Rouch believed that more observations can be done with a film rather in direct observations. He suggested that through films you can get more feedback from your subjects and participants which make the observation far more interesting and trustworthy. Rouch belived that his films were for greater number of people, it is a fight against the colonial oppressions and colonial notions of other societies as savages.(Eaton, n.d) Through his films he conveyed the message that was given by Malinowski long back. He asked people to understand each society in their own unique context and to respect their values and institutions. Rouchs films are true representation of his thoughts on humanity and global understanding (Eaton,n.d). Introduction My earnest desire to write a Visual Anthropology essay on the works and contributions of Late Jean Rouch grew more profound after watching his film† Les Maites Fous† (The Mad Masters) .The film was released in the year 1955 and was a subject of great dispute among the various African intellectuals and French scholars. At the first glance I felt very uncomfortable with the scenes and visual presentations of the Film, but as I kept on watching it, true meanings of the film kept on unfolding in front of my eyes. One of the major reasons for choosing Jean Rouch and his film as the topic of my essay is because through my research I realized that most of the scholars and researchers have avoided critical evaluation and organized research   on Rouch’s films due to unavailability of the films and also because major number of films are in French. This has diminished the contribution of Jean Rouch and his films in the sector of Anthropological and Ethnographic films to an extent especially in the English Speaking Countries. The neglecting behavioral pattern towards Rouch’s films instigated me to find out more about Jean Rouch and his films. As Paul Stroller (1992) puts forward, that Jean Rouch is not given the right place in the history of anthropology and film and is often misunderstood and condemned by different scholars. In this essay I will talk about the various notions attached to Jean Rouch and his films, while critically evaluating his work â€Å"Les Maitres Fous†(The mad masters), 1955. Jean Rouch as a Film maker and an Ethnographer Jean Rouch saw cinema as an adventure and himself as an adventurer. As Claude Jutra(1960) comments â€Å" A chronicle of the Rouchian adventure is certainly an exciting prospect , but it is one that I approach with caution. One never admires without reservation. Any tribute carries within it an element of denunciation. No eulogy deserves to be trusted unless it is combined with certain degree of meanness†. (Jutra,1960:2). Jean Rouch dreamt of cinema as the only means of telling truth about people and societies. Stroller designated Rouch as the most prolific ethnographic filmmaker in the world whose ethnographic works are much unknown (Stroller,1992). Rouch clearly represented a unique combination of anthropology and art in his films. According to Brink, he was a filmmaker who did the most initiating job in pushing the boundaries of visual anthropology to an extent whilst still following the important norms and perceptions of visual anthropology of his time (Brink,n.d). Henley(2009) claimed that his films blurred the distinct lines between fiction and reality. As Jean Rouch himself, elaborately comments â€Å"For me as Filmmaker and ethnographer, there is practically no frontier between documentary film and fiction film. Cinema art of the double, represents a transition from the real world to the world of the imaginary, while ethnography, the study of other a peoples’ system of thought, involve s a permanent criss-crossing from one conceptual universe to another, a form of acrobatic gymnastics, in which losing your footing is the least of the risks†.(Rouch,1981:31) Rouch’s most remarkable films were Les Maitres Fous (The Mad Masters 1955),Moi Un Noir (1958),Jaguar (1967), andChronique d’un ete (1960).  Ã‚   Grimshaw and Eaton suggested that Jean Rouch’s films were much controversial in nature as well as did create a lot of debates among the scholars and intellectuals of younger generations. Surprisingly enough, among the anthropologists, there has been a substantial transformation in the approach towards Rouch’s films which has made it as one of the best examples of traditional ethnographic films. Stroller comments Jean Rouch as the Champion of the African Ethnography and the â€Å"Father of The Nigerian Cinema†(Stroller,1992).Brink states that Rouch gave primary focus to African people in his films, which made his cinema appealing and engaging to a limited number of audiences (Brink,n.d). According to Eaton, Rouch wanted his cinema not only to serve the purpose of anthropological education but also to use i t in much greater scale in order to understand the universal human interests and disciplines (Eaton,n.d). Henley remarked that Rouch believed in 100% participation in the events he filmed (Henley,2009). According to Edgar Morin, Rouch was a â€Å"Filmmaker Driver† who immerses himself into the life of his subjects and participants. Morin who was a well known French sociologist, worked with Jean Rouch in one of his most celebrated works â€Å"Chroinicle of a Summer† or â€Å"Chronique d’ un ete†in 1960. It was him who categorised Rouch’s films as â€Å"Cinema Verite†. Morin has explained this term as â€Å"there remain the most difficult, the most moving, the most secret (aspect of social life): wherever human feelings are at stake , wherever the individual is directly involved , wherever there are interpersonal relationships of authority, subordination , comradeship , love , hate in other words everything connected with emotion fabric of h uman existence . There lies the great terra incognita of the sociological or ethological cinema , of â€Å"Cinema Verite† . There lies its promised land (Morin, 1962:5) â€Å"Cinema Verite† is very much different from the direct cinema. Rouch viwed â€Å"Cinema Verite† as   â€Å"Cinema Provocation†. He explained that through this provocation a new form of cinema emerges which is more realistic than the real. The most interesting fact is that at first Rouch, himself was a great supporter of direct Cinema but with the time he got more indulged into the fictional films following the ethnological perception.   According to Michel Marie (1976), â€Å"Direct† in the technical sense of the term designates the synchronous recording of image and sound , the concept of direct cinema designates first of all a new technique of recording pro-filmic reality. This term replaced the more enigmatic cinema such as â€Å"Cinema Verite† at the beginning of the sixties, applies beyond a simple technique, to the whole new stream of practices which overthrew methods of film making that was previously standardized completely through the industrial model. Marie commented that â€Å"As opposed to industrial cinema, fictional and spectacular, in case of direct cinema the action to be filmed is void of an anterior status† (Marie,1976:35). â€Å"Cinema Verite† It is a kind of cinema where there is a good amount of conversation and interaction between filmmaker and his subject. In this form of cinema there may be also little provocations which can be noticed from the filmmakers side to his subjects (Feld,2003).   Rouch as a kid was very much influenced by the film â€Å"Nanook Of the North† (1922), which became an inspiration to the films that he made in later life. Brink states that Rouch inserted new forms and ways in the style of film making. With his work he blurred the difference between real and unreal, truth and fantasy and literally played with his lenses. It was interesting to note that his inquisitive nature and the use of new technology gave birth to a different genre of cinema which more or less became unique in its own ways.   As Mick Eaton (n.d) suggests that Rouch has tried to defend his film making practice in a very significant way, according to Rouch his presence during the film making is a very crucial factor not because people i.e. his subjects and participants will reveal themselves more openly and honestly out of trust and faith but more because they will lie and feel uncomfortable. It is the manifestation of this side of participants which will be regarded as more profound disclosure than anything â€Å"candid camera† or â€Å"living cinema† ever could disclose. Eaton followed the words of Jean Rouch believed that camera uniting with presence of its director acts as a catalyst to the whole process of film making.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thompson comments that Surre alism played a very important role in the development of Rouch’s films (Thompson,n.d). Surrealism as a cultural movement influenced the mind of Jean Rouch to a great extent. It was a philosophical movement which according to Henley became very popular in Paris during the world war. Jean Rouch claimed in 1967 that for him making a film or cinema is like a surrealist painting. Rouch was a bridge builder in true sense. He bridged the gap between film and anthropology along with an introduction to new techniques and style of film making. Brink comments that â€Å"The filmmaker who was educated as civil engineer became a true bridge builder between film and anthropology, film and art, fiction and documentary , Europe and Africa†(Brink,n.d:2) Grimshaw states that Rouch’s Anthropological films are mostly based on the sense of intuition and are idiosyncratic in approach. His films are a visual treat for the students of visual anthropology. Grimshaw strikes a comparison between the anthropological cinemas of Jean Rouch and Mac Dougall where she describes Mac dougall cinema as detailed and practical while Rouch’s anthropological films to be more idealistic and imaginative. According to Grimshaw , rouch was a visionary   who used his films as a way to interpret the complexities and connections between the world and humanity. His ethnographic films were very much influenced by the political situation at that time. Rouch was very much inspired by the different freedom movements by the colonial people during that time which brought huge political, economic and social transitions around the world saw the colonies as oppressive masters. According to Grimshaw, Rouch was not only supportive of these movements but also gave different humanitarian expressions to it (Grimshaw,2001). Rouch’s ethnographic sensibilities as a film maker and anthropologist was very much shaped by his individualistic nature, background and political circumstances in France during that time (Grimshaw,2001). Rouch as an Anthropologist was very much trained in the path Maussian ideologies a very well know French anthropologist during 1920s till 1940s. Henley comments that Rouch himself never met Mauss but he came to know about his contributions in Anthropology through his supervisor Marcel Griaule who was a student of Mauss himself. Maussian influence is very much evident in earlier works of Jean Rouch, especially in the films he and Rosefelder produced together during their expeditions. Inspired greatly by Mauss’s idea to use camera gave birth to Rouch’s lifelong interest in â€Å"salvage ethnography†(Henley,2009). The most significant and appealing part of Rouch’s journey is that though other leading ethnographic film makers such as Robert Gardner and Judith Mac Dougall (2006) have made films based on different continent. However, Rouch’s focus has always been on Paris and Africa, with more concentration on Niger.   This approach of his was mostly influenced by Griaule (1938) and Dieterlen (1987) who believed that it takes twenty to thirty years to understand and have a deep knowledge about a particular society. This view is significantly supported by Jutra’s comment â€Å"Rouch, the ethnologist! Rouch, the explorer! Rouch, the traveler ! mere appearances. Rouch has two very circumscribed habitats : Paris and Niger†¦ he has no desire to cross these boundaries that he has so carefully traced†¦. Rouch is sedentary, a stay – at – home.†(Jutra,1961:116) From all the works of Jean Rouch I will consider Les Maitres Fous as the starting point of his greater expression for universal humanity. This film is notable in ways that it establishes and evokes the contours of Rouch’s humanistic vision (Grimshaw,2001) â€Å"Les Maitres Fous† (The Mad Masters) This film was first screened in Paris in the year 1955. According to Grimshaw the small number of audience of African intellectuals and French anthropologist present in the premiere of the film in Musee De l’ Homme was largely antagonistic in its response to Rouch’s works. Marcel Griaule called for the fim to be destroyed; Africans present during the screening of the film rejected it as bigoted and insulting. Shortly afterwards British government banned this movie to be shown in the colonial territories of West Africa (Grimshaw, 2001). Today† Les Maitres Fous† is widely accepted and considered as a classic of contemporary cinema. After watching the film consecutively for the third time I realized that the film’s power to move and perturb the audience has not reduced at all with the passage of time. Grimshaw comments that â€Å"Les Maitres Fous† inaugurates the distinguished series of films, which Rouch made between 1954 and 1960. Some of the fi lms which were made during this time was Jaguar, â€Å"Moi Un Noir†and â€Å"Chronique d’un Ete†, the most important fact about all of these films was that all f them were based in different themes. It is one of the most significant films in the growth of Rouch’s works as an ethnographer (Eaton n.d). Feld (2003) illustrates that Les maitres Fous was the earliest departure from purely evocative cinemas into a more unreal approach to event structures. He claims that having experiencing a ceremony several times, Rouch thought of breaching the vital aspects and approaches them as dramatic narratives. According to Eaton Rouch was asked to make this film after him and his wife Jane had given lecture at the British council in Accra. Rouch was approached by some of the Hauka priests and initiates present in that lecture who approached him to film their Hauka Annual Ceremony. The priests wanted to record the event not only to preserve it as a film and memory but also so that it could be used I the ritual itself (Eaton,n.d) . Grimshaw reflects that the film basically documents the course of possession ceremony held during one Sunday by members of the Hauka sect working as migrant labourers in Accra. During 1920s there was a form of strong resistance against the French colonial rule by this Hauka cult who had moved from their villages to work in Kumasi and Accra , the commercial areas of British dominated Gold Coast (Grimshaw, 2001)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . According to Feld the Haukas were the most famous possession cult among the Songhay , that reached its full expression in Ghana, brought by the migrants from Niger. Mick Eaton explained that these ceremonies of Hauka sect started in the late 20s in the upper Niger region. Discriminated by the French colonial administration and adjudicated by rigid Islamic supporters many of the members of the Hauka sect moved to Ghana in the thirtees working as a migrant labourer throughout the gold coast region. Haukas defined themselves as the â€Å"new gods† the spir its of power and the winds (Eaton n.d) .The film vividly views the members of the Hauka cult working at menial task in the city during the week then in the possession trance during the weekend and again back to work in the week. The film starts with the scene of Bustling city of Accra where different people from across West Africa jostle up with one another sharing the â€Å"Great African adventure of work and life†. From the start the film appears to be imparting a sense of complexities, movements and characteristics of urban life.   Then there is sudden shift of events and audience find themselves plunged into a dark deep forest where Hauka people travelled by buses and trucks. According to   Rouch’s commentary   this was the place where the Hauka annual ceremony takes place and where the high priest of Hauka known as Mountebya lives.   The film shows the preliminary stages of confessions and appointment of new members before arriving into a dramatic climax w here members become possessed, adopting the identities and conventional behavior of British governor and his crew. The ceremony reaches its peak with the killing and eating of a dog, slowly Dusk approaches and Hauka people emerges from their trance and get prepared to return to Accra. The film ends with streams of flashbacks. Rouch is shown to return the following day to the same Hauka members who were possessed in the ceremony, calmy and efficiently working in their respective jobs (Grimshaw,2001). The possessed and frothing of the mouth, dribbling saliva flecked with the blood of the butchered dog, the violent and uncontrollable body movements and disturbing style of eating the dog meat are the most troubling factors of the film which shocks the senses of human mind and leaves a lifelong impression in ones’ mind. These shocking scenes of the film justify the fact behind the film being rejected by most of its audience as a whole. Indeed as James Clifford notes that this film stands as Rouchs’s manifestation of Griaule’s recognition that ethnographic observation involves conflict. According to Grimshaw â€Å"Les Maitres Fous†, reveals the sharp contrast between the conception of a shared or participatory anthropological cinema persued by Mac Dougall and the one practiced by Rouch†(Grimshaw,2001:101) â€Å"Les Maitres Fous† is distinguished for its intricate style camera work which Rouch adopted during his earlier life after the destruction of his tripod. Grimshaw (2001) also talks about Rouch’s narration in the Film as improvised or unrehearsed. It is his commentary that makes the film comprehensible and incomprehensible at the same time. Feld commented that Rouch made the film â€Å" Using a montage to create contexting boundaries and making the most of the technical limitation of twenty five second shots (he was still using a 16mm camera),Rouch was able to make a short film with more explicative depth and synthesis than his previous ethnographic studies†.(Feld,2003:5) As   Feld (2003) and Eaton (n.d) both expressed   that the film was shot on a hand cranked 16mm Bell and Howell Camera which allowed for 25 second shots, but it was also edited in the camera as much as possible and the ultimate shooting ratio turned out to be 8 – 10. The sound was recorded by Lam Ibrahim Dia and Damoure Zika, one of the first Africans whom Rouch knew quite well from his first trip to during the war, using a scubitophone which is a portable though heavy tape recorder with a clockwise motor that had to be wound up between takes.   Henley   added that the film is of 28 mins, edited by Suzzane Brown and produced by Les Films de la Pleiade and was awarded Grand Prix in the ethnographic category of the Venice Film festival in 1955 (Henley,2009). Eaton significantly estimated that Rouch’s use of voice over in â€Å"Les Maitres Fous† does not preserve the primacy of the images rather sets up completely different relation with sound and image. Rou ch not only translates the ceremony held by Huaka sect but more or less acts it out which in a way kills the authenticity of an ethnographic documentary (Eaton,n.d). Cooper (2006) suggests that though Rouch has tried to gain ethnographic knowledge through his ethnographic films as claimed by Jay Ruby (2000) but there is still a lot of space in acknowledging the fact which cannot be known or understood through the lenses. With no formal training in film making and direction, Rouch suprsing arose as a rule breaker in the Film world. Les Maitres Fous was one of the biggest examples of such rule break. According to Cooper† Les Maitres Fous† as a film can be represented in two ways at first considering the fact it is filmed by a western filmmaker it can be interpreted as a show of uncivilized attitude by the African Hauka people and secondly it can also be deciphered as African representation of the oppressive colonial western culture and its position in their society (Cooper ,2006). According to Homi.K .Bhabha the film is a clear representation of mockery to the oppressive colonial rule and their power show while showing the deep sighted pains of oppressed Africans (Bhabha,1994). The voice over used by rouch in the film is quite assertive and does influence the thinking process of the audiences a lot. Conclusion Rouchian cinema indeed consists of the most exciting form of ethnography which can be traced in all of his movies. My personal experience of Rouch’s film is a mixture of both the senses of agitation and fascination simultaneously. His film is indeed an experience of life time which stays in your memory till the last days of your life and which evokes the true spirit of humanity irrespective of class race and ethnicity. Through this Essay I have tried to discuss the various aspects of Jean Rouch’s cinema significantly concentrating my attention on â€Å"â€Å"Les Maitres Fous†. This movie disturbed my senses and my thinking about the human acceptance of culture. Through this film I realized that each society is different and is composed of different social dynamics. To me this film is a clear representation of the influence of oppressive western civilizations on the Africans and there after effects on African society. Though it should be also noted that this film has a element of fiction into it which sometimes covers the facts and presents a new form of truth which cannot be trusted sometimes. Cinema is the combination of rational, irrational, fiction and fact. Rouch expresses these elements more profoundly through his movies. Bibliography Henley, P .2009. The Adventure of the Real: Jean Rouch and the craft of Ethnographic Cinema. London and Chicago: The University of Chicago Press Ltd. Grimshaw, A . 2001. The Ethnographer’s Eye : Ways of seeing In Anthropology .New York , Cambridge and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. Stroller, P.1992 .The cinematic Griot:the ethnography of Jean Rouch .London and Chicago: The University Of Chicago Press. Cooper , S .2006. Selfless Cinema?:Ethics and French Documentary. London: Legenda. Bhabha, H.K.1994. Bhabha: The Location Of Culture. New York: Routledge. Ruby ,J. 2000.Picturing Culture: explorations of film anthropology. Chicago and London:The University Of Chicago Press. Griaule , M. 1938. Masques Dogons. California:Institut dethnologie . MacDougall , D.2006. The corporeal image: film, ethnography, and the senses. Oxfordshire and New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Eaton, M.,n.d. Chronichle. In: Eaton. M,ed. 1979. Anthropology Reality Cinema: The films of Jean Rouch. Colchester and London:British Film Institute. p 1-34 Michel, M.,n.d. Direct. In: Eaton. M,ed. 1979. Anthropology Reality Cinema: The films of Jean Rouch. Colchester and London:British Film Institute. p 35-39 Eaton, M.,n.d. The production of Cinematic Reality. In: Eaton. M,ed. 1979. Anthropology Reality Cinema: The films of Jean Rouch. Colchester and London:British Film Institute.p 40-53 Rouch,J.,n.d. The Camera and Man. In: Eaton. M,ed. 1979. Anthropology Reality Cinema: The films of Jean Rouch. Colchester and London:British Film Institute.p54- 63 Brink.J.T.,n.d. Introduction. In.Joram .T.B,ed. 2007.Building Bridges: The cinema of Jean Rouch.London and New York :Wallflower Press.p 1 Nijiland,D.,n.d. Jean Rouch: A builder of bridges. In.Joram .T.B,ed. 2007.Building Bridges: The cinema of Jean Rouch.London and New York :Wallflower Press.p21 Grimshaw.A.,n.d.Adventure on the Road:Some reflections on Rouch and His Italian Contemporariries. In.Joram .T.B,ed. 2007.Building Bridges: The cinema of Jean Rouch.London and New York :Wallflower Press. Thompson.C.,n.d. Chance and Adventure in the Cinema and Ethnography of Jean Rouch. In.Joram .T.B,ed. 2007.Building Bridges: The cinema of Jean Rouch.London and New York :Wallflower Press Feld.S.,2003. Cinà ©-ethnography Jean Rouch.Minneapolis:University Of Minnesota Press

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Virtual and Real Communities - Assignment Example Unlike the traditional methods of learning, distance learning took a different form of teaching that allowed people in different locations around the world to learn in real time and without many barriers in their way. Other areas of life picked up this model of communicating over the World Wide Web to increase the communication rates around the world (Doheny-Farina, 1998). This saw to the birth of social networks such as Facebook, Twitter and Google Plus that virtually brought people from many locations around the world into a community with many similarities to a real and geographically located one. This paper shall concern itself with the comparing and contrasting of these two types of communities. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of community shall be discussed and expounded upon to give a true picture of each type of community. The first part of this paper shall argue in the favor of online communities and the benefits they bring to the human community. First of all, the term ‘virtual community’ is a direct derivation of a 1993 book by the same title written by Howard Rheingold. Rheingold is one of the most known proponents of virtual communities and is even dubbed the first citizen of the internet (Gauntlett, 2008). He points out several benefits he attributes to virtual communities found solely on the internet. ... These communities enable the members share information on the care they receive and ways of handling complex situations which other members may not be aware of (Horsley & Gauntlett, 2004). This group of communities, as Rheingold puts it, has been known to save many lives at a cheaper cost than real and geographically conscious ones would. One other advantage with these virtual communities is that, due to their virtual nature, they enable the members discuss issues they would otherwise find hard to discuss with other people on a face to face basis. Being virtual also enables the members seek the specific information required without being bothered with procedures that may not make sense to them in any way. Another evident advantage of being a member to a virtual community is it enables the members find ideas that they could not manage to get anywhere else without much of a hustle. Information has been of late flowing faster on social networks compared to other forms of media. Online p latforms have enabled youths especially to air their voices to the wider world without a need for seeking out a government form of media (Howard & Jones, 2013). This has also forced politicians into taking their campaigns online since there are larger communities there whose votes can be tapped at a cheaper and more satisfying rate compared to physical campaigns. Few ideas are thus hidden from the public when a majority of the citizens are online where information easily goes viral and gets to most social site users. A fourth point in favor of virtual communities is the freedom that comes with the use of the sites that host the virtual communities. While the geographical and real communities would

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Letter of Recommendation Essay Example for Free

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DNA Analysis: Validity And Doubts :: essays research papers

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Moral Values Essay

Morality is the differentiation of intentions, decisions and actions between the ones that are good and the ones which are bad. The philosophy of morality is ethics. Morality is a synonym of goodness. Laurence Sterne has rightly said â€Å"Respect for ourselves guides our morals; respect for others guides our manners†. Moral values are important to an individual as it makes one feel peaceful. They give your life a purpose and make it meaningful. Honesty, decency, modesty, kind heartedness, sincerity, forgiveness and gratitude are some of the moral values. It is very easy for a person high in ethics to control his life. It changes your perspective. You only look at the brighter side of anything. The negative forces do not hold you back any more. It becomes easier for you to strive towards your aim in life. Moralistic approach seems virtuous. It helps you bond with the world far and away. Moral values make you trustworthy and accord you a respectable place amongst the others. World can be easily captivated by you as people count on your fair and sincere approach. Not only to others, moralistic approach assists yourself too. Your integrity will allow you to advance in both personal and professional life. Being compassionate is like a big virtue. It helps you deal with any misfortune that comes your way. Also you can be a big support to your friends and fellow beings in their difficult times. While I was studying, in my college days, I was more of a notorious child. Never realising the value of time was one main thing which I used to do. I never used to finish my assignments on time, always used to be late for lectures and even bunking the classes at times. I can still recall number of events where I had submitted late work. I never used to study regularly. Always kept on piling up work till the last day of assessment. A day prior to the exam used to be like hell on earth for me. As I had never prepared for the exam before I usually got low grades in the examinations. My parents always told me to adopt good values but I never listened. My mother always instructed me and even told me the ill results, but as is expected of youngsters I even ignored her. One similar day I went to the college. Walking confidently, showing off myself, typical me. When I reached my classroom what I saw shook my very foundations, it was an exam day. Only because I had never paid attention in the class I didn’t know about it. I somehow mustered my courage and sat for the exam. I saw everyone engrossed in writing and I was all blank. However the day passed. The worst had yet to come. It wasn’t far and the results were out. As expected I flunked in the subject. I was down with shame and disrespect not just because of failing but because of the extremely low grades. My grades were perhaps the lowest in the entire batch. I could not find any place to hide my face. It is still very difficult for me to put it in words how I faced my friends and family post the result. I went home, low and forlorn. The only person I could share it with was my mother. I know she was heartbroken, but she held me tight and told me there is never any time in life when you cannot rise up again and correct your improprieties. I hugged her tight. Her warmth gave me the strength to rise up again. From that very moment I resolved to leave behind all the bad habits and move on the right track. I did stick to this and was always moralist in my approach thereafter. It was then I realised how irreverent and impertinent I was and such a human being is incapable of any type of self-abandonment. He is either a slave of his pride or his egoism which ultimately makes him a prisoner of himself. This is exactly what happened with me. I was blind to values. I never gave things a chance to unfold themselves in their proper character and approached everything in such an importunate way that I only listened to myself and ignored the rest. Now I can proudly say adopting moral values has made me overcome any obstacle that has intervened my way of progress. I ended up my college with outstanding grades not only the result but I also managed to get myself a respectable job. I joined in a company as a business development executive and was eventually promoted to the post of a business development officer. I always wanted to excel in my professional life. But to achieve higher levels I needed higher education. MBA was my dream. But to adhere it I went through a difficult time phase. I was impatient as time was passing by but at the same time I had to be responsible to the compliance. As recognized by Socrates and Plato, it is better to suffer injustice than to commit it; I stuck to my moral values and didn’t lose patience. My hopes were always high. I knew I would attain my dream. Now I am in a foreign land, perusing a different course, for which I waited three long years. Things around me have changed. There is one thing that hasn’t and will not change ever – and that is my values. I follow them and they acknowledge me. I have been through quite a lot of experiences in the recent few years. All I can say is moral values are extremely important for your wellbeing. They will always keep your stress levels lower and help you lead a harmonious life. You are able to direct your behaviour towards beneficial and fulfilling activities. Moral values are the highest amongst all natural values. Positive values are the focus of the world whereas negative values are the greatest evil. Man himself is responsible for all his deeds and actions. Martin Luther King Jr said, â€Å"If we are to go forward, we must go back and rediscover those precious values – that all reality hinges on moral foundations and that all reality has spiritual control†. (Cravvley & Kendall, 2009) In goodness there shines a light which bestows on the good person an intellectual dignity. I feel I am lucky I was born in a family which withholds strong moral values.